14^th Annual Conference on Crop Science and Agriculture November 29-30, 2018 Bali, Indonesia

Narayana S Mavarkar has completed his PhD from University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. He is currently working as a Professor and Head,

Department of Agronomy, Navile, Shimoga. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Program Coordinator NSS, Cell UAHS, Naile Shivamogga.

A fi eld experiment entitled infl uence of water soluble water soluble fertilizers on yield maximization of pulses of southern transitional zone of Karnataka” was conducted at Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Shivamogga, during kharif season of 2017-18 on sandy loamy soil having acidic in pH (5.2), low in organic carbon (0.38 %), poor in nitrogen (165.2 kg ha-1), rich in phosphorus (58.45 kg ha-1) and medium with respect to potassium (239.41kg ha-1). Th e experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 15 treatment combinations replicated thrice. Th e results of the experiment shown that signifi cantly higher seed yield of green gram and black gram (950 and 1154.3 kg ha-1, respectively), straw yield (1643.5 and 2259.9 kg ha-1, respectively), number of pods (43.4 and 45.7, respectively) and pod length (12.5 and 12.2 cm, respectively) was recorded with treatment receiving recommended dose of fertilizers and foliar nutrition of MPP and 19:19:19 each at 1% at 30 and 45 DAS and it was on par with the treatment combinations of RDF+MPP and 19:19:19 each at 1% at 30 DAS (937 and 1136.2 kg ha-1, respectively), straw yield (1621 and 2224.6 kg ha-1, respectively), number of pods (42.3 and 45.5, respectively) and pod length (12.3 and 12.0 cm, respectively).

Leila Mary Bolinto Alipio Ayban is an Assistant Professor at the Benguet State University. She has completed her PhD in Horticulture minor in Agronomy from the University of the Philippines, Los Banos. Her specialization and research interest is in micropropagation, identifi cation, production, conservation and commercialization of endemic, medicinal and high value horticultural crops. Her publications were in the development of cultural management, production and in vitro propagation of Lilium philippinense and Strawberry. She has completed her Bachelors in Agriculture major in Horticulture minor in Plant Pathology and her Master’s degree in Horticulture minor in Rural Development and Plant Pathology from the same university.

Benguet lily (Lilium philippinense) is an endemic lily in the Philippines with high potential of being commercialized but with declining population due to human activities. These prodded the conduct of this study to provide baseline information on the comparative phenology, morphology and anatomy of wild and in vitro propagated Benguet lily that was grown under natural habitat and greenhouse condition and to illustrate their flower development. On the phenological stages, in vitro propagated plants require a longer period to complete a growth stage. Morphologically, wild plants in the natural habitat and in vitro propagated plants under greenhouse condition performed better compared to those in switched growing conditions. In the morphometry, diff erences in both appeared to be highly attributable to the growing conditions, while for the pigmentation, pure white petal, bright yellow pollen grains and light green stem of wild Benguet lily remained unchanged regardless of growing conditions. Similarly, in vitro propagated lily maintained the tinge of maroon in the midrib of the petals, base of leaves, base of stems and maroon colored pollen grains were unaff ected by growing conditions. Anatomically, wild and in vitro propagated plants were similar except for the presence of pigmented cells interspersed in the epidermis of stem, leaves, flower and pollen grain. In flower development, floral part initiation starts in the outside whorl to the formation of gynoecium. In a singular flower, the floral meristem is located apically but with more flowers, ensuing floral meristem develops on the lateral side of the first flower and of at a later growth stage.

Nandish M S has completed his PhD in Agricultural Microbiology from University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor of Microbiology, College of Agriculture, UAHS, Shimoga. He has published more than 25 research papers in reputed journals and more than 75 abstracts publications and handling 11 research projects in the fi eld of agricultural microbiology as Principal Investigator and Co - Principal Investigator.

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizo microorganisms (PGPRs) are more commonly known as benefi cial microbial inoculants that can improve soil fertility and crop productivity. Now-a- days, the application of the liquid plant growth promoting microbial consortia in the vegetable production is gaining lot of importance because of their cost eff ectiveness and eco-friendliness. Diff erent liquid plant growth promoting rhizo microbial consortia like Azospirillum, Azotobacter, phosphorus and potash solubilizing bacteria etc., are used in the fi eld of vegetable production for increasing the yield and to reduce diseases and also to maintain the soil health for sustainable production. In the present study, attempts were made to isolate, characterize and screen native nitrogen fi xing, phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria from the diff erent weed rhizosphere soils of Malnad region of Karnataka (India). Further, attempts were also made to develop and evaluate the eff ective liquid PGPR consortia on

growth and yield of radish under greenhouse conditions. Out of 11 diff erent weed rhizosphere soils collected, as many as 7 Azotobacter, 6 phosphate solubilizing and 8 potassium solubilizing isolates were obtained. In the in vitro screening studies, the Azoto-7, PSB-2 and KSB-8 showed high effi ciency in nitrogen fi xation, phosphorus and potassium solubilization, respectively and all the effi cient isolates were tentatively characterized as Azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing Bacillus megaterium and potassium solubilizing Bacillus mucilaginosus based on morphological and biochemical characters. Further, the effi cient liquid plant growth formulation were developed and evaluated on Radish under greenhouse condition using varied levels of Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF). Out of 16 treatments imposed, the treatment receiving 75% of RDF+FYM+efficient liquid PGPR formulation showed statistically highest germination percentage (100%) and number of leaves (15.70, 18.60 and 20.20 numbers of leaves at 15, 30 and 45 days aft er sowing). Similarly, the same treatment showed high chlorophyll content of 2.90 mg/g of tissue, fresh and dry weight of 141.10 and 29.90 g, respectively followed by the treatment receiving 100% of RDF+FYM+efficient liquid PGPR formulation. However, the same trend of observation was recorded with respect to tuber girth, tuber length and also showed the maximum accumulation of NPK content both in plant and soil at the time of harvest. Scale up studies further required evaluating the native PGPR formulations for diff erent crops in combination with different bio-control agents for increased vegetable production.

AlSaffar Abdulameer has 27 years of research experience at Kuwait Institute for Scientifi c Research, Kuwait. He has worked as Project Leader, Principal Investigator and Internal Consultant for several major contractual projects. He has authored and published numerous papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings, a book and technical reports.

Poultry is one of the fastest growing and most promising industries with the brightest future in our country. Since 2008, the local broiler breeder industry produces only 35% of the day-old broiler chicks used by the industry and the remaining covered by importing fertile eggs. Experiments have demonstrated clear effect of temperature on broiler breeders’ egg composition. The objectives of this experiment were: (1) To examine eff ects of four diff erent ambient temperatures 21, 26, 29 and 32 oC on the response of the egg composition from laying broiler breeders, (2) To examine their response of four dietary lysine concentrations (35, 50, 65 and 90 g/kg crude protein-wheat-based that contained 151 g/kg crude protein concentration), and (3) To examine whether there were temperature×lysine concentration interactions in the responses of broiler breeders. Two hundred and twenty-four (224) 29-week old hens (308 Ross Broiler Breeder) randomly allocated to 16 identical pens within

four environmentally controlled rooms in a facility. A split-plot design was used in which four main plots (rooms) kept at four constant temperatures. Increasing temperature gave linear decreases in the proportion of shell in the eggs (P=0.049). There were no signifi cant diff erences (P>0.05) between the diff erent lysine concentration levels in any variable of egg composition.

Similarly, there were no consistent (P>0.05) temperature×lysine concentration interactions.

Hendrika Fourie is currently working at the West University as a Lecturer and Researcher. She supervises mentors and trains the Post-Graduate Students and Collaborate with local and international nematologists and experts of other related disciplines regarding nematology-related research.

Updates on the phytonematodes that parasitize maize (staple food and important livestock feed source), groundnut and soybean (important sources of protein and oil) were done for South African production areas. Such interventions focused on the abundance, diversity and identity of nematode pests. Root and soil samples were obtained from 78 commercial maize fields (irrigation and rain-fed); soybean surveys were done for conventional and genetically modifi ed, glyphosate-resistant crops (17 fi elds in total) and groundnut samples were obtained for diagnostic and research purposes. Phytonematodes were extracted, counted and morphologically identifi ed from soil and plant samples using standard protocols. Molecular species identification was also done, including various DNA sequence protocols and SCAR-PCR (specifi cally for Meloidogyne spp.). Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus were identifi ed as the predominant genera infecting maize and soybean. Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria were predominant for maize and M. incognita and M. javanica for soybean. Meloidogyne enterolobii was found also in one maize fi eld and is a fi rst report for local maize despite the crop being listed in international literature as a non- or poor host of this species. Pratylenchus zeae and P. brachyurus dominated in samples from maize and soybean crops, with P. fl akkensis, P. scribneri and P. vulnus being fi rst reports for soybean in South Africa. Regarding groundnut, Robustodorus arachidis was identifi ed for the first time worldwide infecting the crop. Knowledge generated for these crops is important and useful and can be used for planning and deploying management strategies to produce such and other rotation crops, where economically important phytonematodes pose problems to producers and related industries.

Jayasyaliny Jayaraj is currently pursuing her Master’s degree at Monash University, Malaysia. She has completed her Bachelor of Science with Honors (Resource Biotechnology) at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. She is also a Correspondent with Malaysia’s fi rst science newspaper, The Petri Dish.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation among living organisms. With the advent of the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, rapid advance in high throughput SNP genotyping such as Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) have signifi cantly increased effi ciency in simultaneous discovery and genotyping of SNPs in complex plant species. However, the current Illumina HiSeq-based GBS protocols have their own limitations in terms of complex, high capacity bioinformatics analyses prohibiting the use of GBS among small laboratories and small-scale users. This study aims to produce a smaller scale, bioinformatically simplifi ed and more convenient reduced-HiSeq GBS method, which possesses advantages of GBS over other SNP genotyping methods, including the high reproducibility of markers and reduced representation of genome. Weedy rice (Oryza Sativa) was used as the model species. Rice samples from selected paddy fields in Malaysia were collected and genomic DNA was extracted, used for library construction and subjected to sequencing using Illumina HiSeq platform. Reduced-HiSeq GBS datasets were generated and subjected to various population genetic tests. Comparative analysis between reduced-HiSeq and full HiSeq-GBS datasets revealed that the former is potentially useful and sufficient for genetics analyses in rice.

The necessity to explore sustainable agricultural practices has become imperative with the ever- increasing world population and limited land availability for farming. Macronutrients as well as micronutrients are indispensable for proper growth plants and better crop yields. Th ese nutrients should be supplied to plants externally because the most soil does not provide

nutrients needed for the plant growth. Farmers understood this phenomenon and started using fertilizers in crop production even from the early stages of civilization. Zea mays is a crop which has a high demand all over the world and considered as a staple food in many geographical regions. To meet the increasing global demand for Zea mays, farmers should take necessary steps to increase crop production. This could be achieved by identifying the correct fertilizers which are competent to provide better crop yields in Zea mays, as then they can use them to elevate the crop production. Th is study discusses how the growth and crop yield of Zea Mays is aff ected by diff erent types of fertilizers. When compared with conventional fertilizers, it was clearly observed that the nanofertilizers are highly capable of supplying nutrients to Zea mays in an effi cient manner, thus leading to improved growth and better crop yields.