Day 2 :
- Agriculture & Horticulture | Agriculture & Food Security | Nutrition & Sustainable Agriculture | Agriculture & Environment
Location: Bali
Chair
Ezzat Abd El Lateef
National Research Centre, Egypt
Session Introduction
Samodimo Ngwako
Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Botswana
Title: Effects of watering frequency and soil types on growth and yield of Kgengwe (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides)
Biography:
Samodimo Ngwako has received his PhD at the University of Birmingham in 2003. He is the Dean of Research and Graduate Studies at Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (BUAN) and currently Acting Deputy Vice Chancellor Academic Affairs and Research. He is an Associate Professor in Plant Breeding and was the Head of Department of Crop Science and Production from 2011 to 2017 and Acting Dean Faculty of Agriculture (2017 to 2019). He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has served as an Editor for a number of journals.
Abstract:
There is now a growing realization by government and other role players in Botswana of the importance of indigenous plants as alternative food crops to enhance food security and biodiversity. An experimental research was conducted at the Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (BUAN), to evaluate effects of watering frequency and soil types on growth and yield of Kgengwe (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides). Four levels of watering frequency (2 days, 4 days, 6 days and 8 days) and three types of soils (sandy, sandy loam and sandy clay loam) were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. There were significant differences in the watering frequency for seedling emergence, leaf area, stem dry weight, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight. The highest watering frequency produced the highest stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, root fresh weight, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight. The lowest watering frequency produced the lowest plant biomass except for stem dry weight. The watering frequency showed significant effect on transpiration rate and light intensity and no significant effect in photosynthesis, chlorophyll, stomata conductance and carbon dioxide. High transpiration rate was found in the six days watering frequency and lowest in eight days watering frequency. The sandy loam soil significantly produced the highest stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, plant fresh weight, plant dry weigh, number of flowers per branch, number of male flowers per branch, number of female flowers per branch and light intensity. The interaction between sandy loam soil and highest watering frequency produced the highest leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight.
Evitayani
Andalas University, Indonesia
Title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bisozyme effect of yield, dry production and revenue cost ratio age of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan) in ultisol land for first harvesting
Biography:
Evitayani has completed her PhD from Tottori University, Japan. She is a Lecturer in Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Andalas University, West Sumatra, Indonesia. She has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals
Abstract:
This research aimed to determine the effect of FMA and bisozyme on production, dry yield and revenue cost ratio of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan) on ultisol soil for first harvesting. This research was conducted with randomized group design, 4 groups and 5 variables. The groups were P0 (Manure + Fertilizer N, P, and K), P1 (Bisozyme), P2 (FMA), P3 (Bisozyme + FMA), P4 (FMA + Fertilizer N, P, and K + Bisozyme). The variables are yield, dry production and revenue cost ratio. The result of statistical analysis showed that treatment was not significant (P<0.05) to yield, while for dry production and revenue cost treatment ratio showed very different significantly P>0.05). The yield of elephant grass ranged from 46,70 until 60,51 ton/ha, while the dry production ranged from 13,54 until 20,76 ton/ha. Also the revenue cost treatment ranged from 1,27 until 4,35, respectively. From this result it is could be concluded that Bisozyme + FMA can be used as a substitute for manure and fertilizer N, P and K.
Samodimo Ngwako
Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Botswana
Title: Effect of phosphorus on yield and nutrient uptake of cowpea and maize intercrop
Biography:
Professor Samodimo Ngwako completed PhD at the University of Birmingham in 2003. He is the Dean, Research and Graduate Studies (2019 to 2022) at Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and now Acting Deputy Vice Chancellor Academic Affairs and Research. He is an Associate Professor in Plant Breeding and was the Head of Department of Crop Science and Production from 2011 to 2017, and Acting Dean Faculty of Agriculture (2017 to 2019). He has puplished more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has served as an editor for a number of jounals.
Abstract:
A field experiment to determine to effect of phosphorus on yield and uptake of nutrients on maize and cowpea intercrop was conducted at Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (BUAN). The experiment design was a split-plot with four levels of phosphorous (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) as the main treatments, three cropping systems as sub-treatments being intercropped maize and cowpea, sole maize and sole cowpea, and two varieties Kalahari Early Pearl (KEP) maize and Tswana cowpea. The application of phosphorus did not show significant difference in the plant dry matter, but significant differences were observed in the cropping systems for the dry matter and macro- and micro-nutrients. Intercropped cowpea produced the highest whole plant dry matter compared to sole cowpea. High contents of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Mn and Mo in the dry matter were observed in sole and intercropped cowpea, with intercropped maize showing the lowest contents of the nutrients expect for Mo, where sole maize was lowest. The application of phosphorus showed significant difference in seed yield for P, K and Mg. The seed of monocropped cowpeas showed the highest contents of P, K, Ca, Mg and Na, whereas Cu showed the highest amount in intercropped cowpea seeds. Significant interaction between the phosphorus application and cropping systems was observed in the uptake of Fe and Cu in the plant dry matter, and Ca, Mg, Na and Cu in the cowpea seeds.
Evitayani
Andalas University, Indonesia
Title: The influence of N, P and K fertilizer dosage and FMA (Glomus manihotis) application on in vitro digestibility from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan) planted on coal mine reclamation land
Biography:
Evitayani has completed her PhD from Tottori University, Japan. She is a Lecturer in Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Andalas University, West Sumatra, Indonesia. She has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
This study aims to determine the content and digestibility of dry matter, organic material and crude protein of Taiwan elephant grass planted on coal mine reclamation land. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with treatment P0=100% N, P and K fertilizer without FMA, P1=100% N, P and K + FMA Glomus manihotis 10 grams/clump, P2=75% fertilizer N, P and K + FMA Glomus manihotis 10 grams/clump, P3=50% fertilizer N, P and K + FMA Glomus manihotis 10 grams/ clump, P4=25% fertilizer N, P and K + FMA Glomus manihotis 10 grams/clump was then carried out in vitro digestibility measurements with 3 different groups of rumen fluid use. The variables observed were Dry Matter digestibility (DM), Organic Matter (OM) and Crude Protein (CP). The results of this study indicated that the adding of different doses of N, P and K fertilizers on the coal mine reclamation land gave no significant difference (P>0.05) on the dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibility. The organic matter was ranged from 57.12% (P0) to 58.55% (P4), organic matter was ranged from 58.14% (P0) to 58.55% (P4) and crude protein was ranged from 64.48% (P0) to 71.37% (P4), respectively. From the research results it could be concluded that 25% N, P and K + FMA of Glomus manihotis 10 grams/clump could reduce the use of N, P and K fertilizer up to 75%.
Koki Matsushita
Iwate University, Japan
Title: Optimization of enzymes addition to improve Yudane bread making quality by response surface methodology
Biography:
Koki Matsushita is a PhD student of Iwate University in Japan. His research field is food processing, especially, wheat products. He has published more than 10 papers in various journals.
Abstract:
In previous studies, it turned that the Yudane dough made by Joule heating method (JY) can replace the Yudane dough made by the conventional method (YD). However, even if the Joule heating method is used, the deterioration of bread making quality, which is a feature of YD method, was not improved. Because, the JY contains excess amount of gelatinized starch gel which causes the great inhibition of gluten network in the dough. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine whether in bread making quality of JY method dough is improved by using enzyme for bread making (AM: α-Amylase and HC: Hemicellulase). The optimal amounts of these enzymes to make the JY bread of maximal quality was reasonably and simply determined by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and optimization method (Solver). The bread making tests were done under minimum effective condition to evaluate the effect of enzymes amounts for the quality of bread. As a result, the respective optimum amount of AM and HC was 0.0047% and 0.0199%. It was also proved that the various bread qualities, such as high specific loaf volume and low staling, etc. made by the optimal condition (optimal adding condition of enzymes) were very high compared to control and JY bread without enzymes, which was mainly due to the decrease of damaged starch and hemicellulose in the dough. In conclusion, RSM and Solver was the suitable method for the establishment of optimum conditions for Yudane dough.
Daisuke Goshima
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan
Title: Study on oven spring mechanism during bread baking
Biography:
Daisuke Goshima is a Masters student at Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan. His research field is food processing, especially, wheat products.
Abstract:
The factors stopping oven spring (dough expansion) during bread baking were analyzed from specific loaf volume, Gas Retention of Dough (GRD) and Thermal Expansion of Dough (TED) data measured using doughs on various final proofing times. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic rheological properties data of bread dough and fraction samples of starch and gluten were also measured. Based on these data, it was found that the dough temperature at which the dough oven spring stops is 55 to 60 °C and the rapid change and hardening in physical properties of the dough occurs at this temperature. Since the temperature to harden the dough and the starch gelatinization temperature in the dough coincided, the main cause of the hardening was the gelatinization of starch due to the temperature rise of the dough. It was also found that the hardening of the dough significantly reduces GRD and TED. It was revealed that the main factor to stop the oven spring of the dough was the hardening of the dough due to starch gelatinization in the dough with the increase of the dough temperature in the baking process. It is caused by the rapid decrease of dough expansion due to the drastic gas leak from the dough associated with the decreased GRD and TED, which is largely related to the gelatinization of starch in the dough during baking process, while the denaturation temperature of gluten was much higher than the stopping temperature of oven spring, so it was not significantly related to this phenomenon.
Chiung-Yueh Chang
Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
Title: Solubility, structural characteristics, and antioxidant properties of potato protein hydrolysate
Biography:
Chiung-Yueh Chang has studied her PhD with a major in nutrition and health sciences in Taipei Medical University. She is a dietitian in a biotech company, focusing on supplement food research now.
Abstract:
Potatoes are the fourth largest food crop in the world (after maize, rice, and wheat), being actively cultivated in more than 100 countries. Potato proteins contain the essential amino acids recommended by the WHO, FAO, and UNU; however, most potato proteins lack the functional properties (e.g., solubility) required by the food industry. Our objective in this study was to compare potato protein isolate (PPI) and potato protein isolate hydrolysate (PPIH) in terms of solubility, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activity. The molecular weight distributions were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protein solubility was determined using the Kjeldahl method. The particles were characterized using the 90Plus Particle Size Analyzer. The viability of skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) was determined using MTT assays. PPI presented three major bands corresponding to 30-32 kDa and 16-18 kDa. PPIH did not present any protein bands. Using the MALDI- TOF process, the molecular weight of PPIH was estimated at 103.5-422.7 Da. In nanoparticle samples, we observed a shift in the peak positions of PPI and PPIH from 10 nm to 1.7 nm. The solubility of PPIH was significantly better than that of PPI in pH3~8. PPIH group significantly increased the cell viability of C2C12 compared with PPI group. Overall, our findings indicate that PPIH is superior to PPI in terms of solubility and protective effects